Dendrimers - A Review by AN Shipway

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    8. References and Footnotes

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    [14] The term 'starburst' is a trademark of the Dow Chemical Company.

    [15] The term 'dendrimer' can be traced back to A. J. Vogel.

    [16] A rigorous definition of the term 'dendrimer' is not clear. Different research groups have attached different meanings to it. What seems generally accepted is that dendrimers are highly branched and essentially monodisperse - although some divergently grown dendrimers have some polydispersity as a consequence of incomplete reactions. Some researchers would argue that a true dendrimer has a degree of branching (Dbr) of 1, but others have the more relaxed view that monodispersity is sufficient. In the latter case, a hyperbranched polymer could be trivially considered a mixture of dendrimers. Further criteria, such as numbers of generations and identical constitiutions for generations, have been discussed lightheartedly.

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    [44] The 'focal point' of a dendritic 'wedge' is the single functional group from where the branches eminate.

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    [46] K. L. Wooley, C. J. Hawker, J. M. J. Fréchet, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1994, 33, 82-85. The 'branched monomer' may better be considered a trimer as it is composed of three linked branching units. It has been pointed out that the 'branched monomer' could be polymerised, and thus can be called a monomer. This review will refer to such species as oligomers in order to avoid confusion.

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    [56] The degree of branching is defined as the fraction of branching units in a structure which have reacted at all or none of their surface functions. A perfect dendrimer therefore has a Dbr of 1, although a monodisperse sample of a carefully engineered dendrimer may have a lower value. These values can be experimentally determined. The important difference between dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers is not Dbr, but the level of polydispersity.

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